Peonies

Peonies, like roses, have an ancient pedigree dating back to at least 1000 BC. For centuries, peonies were grown primarily for their seeds, leaves, and roots which were widely used for a variety of ills. The medical value faded in Western cultures as it gained favor with horticulturists, though there is now an renewed interest. Peonies are also a favorite of artists in almost every culture.

Types of peonies

Peonies are available in dozens of varieties including herbaceous and tree forms, The herbaceous Paeonia lactiflora, a native of Siberia, is the Chinese peony with the large, opulent flowers.

Tree peonies (Paeonia suffruticosa) are deciduous shrubs that lose their leaves every fall. They are usually between 3–4 feet tall, but can be shorter or taller depending on the variety. Some can grow as tall as 6 feet.

They were cultivated first by the Chinese whose work resulted in large, double flowers. Once in Japanese hands, however, the peony were bred for a lighter, simpler flower that is known as the Japanese form. Imported into Europe, the peony continued its evolution as breeders created new cultivars and shared with their counterparts on the other side of the planet.

Herbaceous peonies, like many perennials die back completely in the fall.

Peonies come in many different sizes and habits as well. The tiny, fern-leaf peony with its fine, delicate foliage is small and less than a foot and a half tall. Other shrubby varieties like tree peonies are considerably taller. Many, especially the large Chinese types with their oversized blooms, require staking. Japanese type peonies with lighter flowers often have a more upright habit and are not as likely to need support.

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